Hello there! I need help with my paper assignment from White Collar Crime class.

Instructions:

You are a law enforcement agent and you are told to investigate a group that is believed to be connected with other organized crime groups, including Colombian organized crime groups, Mexican organized crime groups, and the Russian mafia.

This group that you are investigating is led by a man whose real name is unknown but goes by the alias “Beast.” Beast is believed to be importing drugs into the United States with the help of the Colombian, Mexican, and Russian organized crime groups. Beast is also believed to be the owner of a chain of restaurants and stores. These businesses are believed to help Beast in laundering money. The structure of the group is still uncertain, and it is your job to investigate the group before any arrests can be made. Beast is very private, but he is highly connected with some government officials. The identity of those in the government and law enforcement that are helping Beast and his group is also unknown. Beast is believed to be highly dangerous, as he has a small army constantly protecting him that will kill in an instant. It is important to take Beast off the street as soon as possible. You must write an investigative report addressing the following:

1. Define what constitutes organized crime and provide the elements that are usually associated with the same.
2. Explain the investigative strategies that should be used in order to investigate this particular group and why.
3. Explain how what we know about the Colombian, Mexican, and Russian organized crime groups can help in this investigation.
4. Describe the historical connection between organized crime groups and legitimate businesses.
5. Explain how money laundering usually takes place and how an organized crime leader like Beast generally goes about it. Include in your explanation the connection between money laundering and foreign banks, and money laundering and the legitimate businesses that these crime leaders own.
6. Describe the particular laws that will likely apply to this investigation including statutes on money laundering, drug trafficking, and corruption.
7. Provide some case law that help the agency identify how these laws will be applied to these particular set of circumstances.
8. Summarize what you think the outcome of this investigation will be and whether you think you will be able to capture Beast and his organized crime group based on history. Explain why or why not. *Answer the 8 questions in APA format. Please add reference page.

Introduction to Week 4:

People often wonder why criminals “do what they do”, and further, they wonder how to stop criminals from engaging in crime. Criminal Justice is the study of police, courts and corrections and Criminology is the study of crime and criminal behavior. While these two may appear as separate, they overlap. In other words, those in police, courts and corrections, need information about crime and criminal behavior to know how and what to do about crime and criminals. Criminologists use theory to understand crime and criminal behavior. A theory is a set of interrelated propositions used to describe, explain, predict and hopefully control behavior. Criminological theories are either Macro level theories (they look at social structures and other large processes in influencing behavior) or Micro level theories (they look at individual level factors in influencing behavior). It is often difficult to determine why someone is engaging in criminal behavior and having various theories help Criminologists to understand better the force (or many forces) that may be in play in order to stop the behavior. Why is this important? It is important because we must understand crime and criminal behaviors and have a theory as to why it occurs, or why someone engages in criminality in order to come up with policies (i.e. laws) to be able to stop the behavior or influence the punishment for the behavior. Findings from research are what influence policy and you will learn more about this aspect in week 8. This week, read carefully and ask yourself consistently what you think best explains crime and/or criminal behavior and if you think that one theoretical explanation is better than another and why.

https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ccj230/

For week 4, you are to read the following sections in this book IN THIS ORDER:

• 5.1-5.12

Here is a bit of information about each of the readings:

Topic: What is a theory and how do I know if it is a good theory?

Readings: 5.1, 5.2

These readings will introduce you to theory. Theory is used in Criminology to describe, explain, predict and hopefully control criminal behavior. These readings introduce you to the science component of criminal justice- criminology. While criminal justice is the study of police, courts and corrections, criminology is the study of crime and criminal behavior. While different, they interact! It is important to understand why “people do what they do” in an effort to inform the criminal justice components to help gain a better understanding of crime and criminality, in addition to biological, psychological and social factors that influence criminality.

Topic: Pre-Classical, Classical and Neoclassical schools of thought

Readings 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

These readings will introduce you to the early thoughts on criminal behavior. They will provide you with the historical, cultural and society happenings that were influencing the study of criminals. You will also learn about the different ideas surrounding punishment historically.

Topic: Positivism & biological and psychological explanations of criminal behavior

Readings 5.6, 5.7

These readings will introduce you to the idea of positivism- that empirical evidence through scientific inquiry could be used to improve society. You will learn various ways in which scientists tried to identify causes of criminal behavior beyond one’s individual choice.

Topic: Social Process and Social Structure Theories: Chicago School, Strain, Learning and Control Theories

Readings 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11

Some criminologists believe that the cause of criminal behavior lies within society, either in the social structures that are in place, or as a result of social processes. These readings will introduce the impact that things like race, class, sex, education, peer groups, etc.. may have on criminal behavior.

Topic: Social Reaction Theories and Critical Theory

Reading 5.12

Unlike other theories, social reaction theories focus on those who label react and attempt to control criminal offenders and how this influences further criminal behavior. Critical theories are rooted in the thoughts of Karl Marx and look at the fusion between power and inequality. Critical theories attempt to explain criminality as a result of inequality and attempt to influence policies directed and creating equality to curb crime. This reading will introduce you to both of these schools of thought.

Fix the errors that i send .

Cause of overrepresentation of African Americans in the American Criminal Justice System

Introduction

Class, gender, and race are the most common approachused in categorizing social groups in criminal statistics. The statistics indicate that certain groups are systematicallyoverrepresented in the criminal justice system. The social group to be focused on in the paper is African Americans. The paper will discuss issues such as policing, racial profiling, judicialbias, poverty, and unequal access to basic services. One of the main problems identified is associated with racial disparity among African Americans. A survey conducted in this field indicated that there is a high prevalence rate for inequity associated with African Americans. This is the leading cause of overrepresentation. A review of the judicial system statistics indicates that over-representation can occur due to the likeliness of being arrested or likeliness to commit a crime (Kovera, 2019).The first part of the paper will discuss institutionalized racism,which arises due to target policing, which increases the arrest rate and the media’s roles in shaping public opinion. An intersectional approach from institutional racism indicates that African Americans are mostly overrepresented in this case.Another approach to be used in the paper is creating an understanding in terms of high risk for African Americans by exploring structural factors. The structural factors to be considered in this analysis include an approach to crime and punishment, embedded ideologies, welfare status, and different levels of inequity. The last aspect is poverty, where statistics indicate that economically and socially excluded groups have a higher representation fueled by the retributivist and neoliberalism approach. Thus, the over-representation of African Americans in criminal justice can be blamed on discriminative policies and social inequality.

Overrepresentation based on over target

Targeted policing

Targeted policing can be categorized as institutionalized racism. Target policing indicates that certain groups are overrepresented because they are over-targeted rather than beinghigh offenders. Predictive policing helps policy narrow down to a particular area and concentrate resources towards restoring normalcy in the area. However, incarceration rates are not accounted for crime rates. The use of predictive policing increases the disproportionate policing leading to over-policed communities. Another important point to note is the effect of allocation of police resources and concertation on a specific area is the high rate of noticing the crime rate in the area (Brunson & Miller, 2006). Therefore, the policy will eventually find what they are looking for in the targeted area in most cases. The discrimination policy aim at African American community and ethnic neighborhood. Studies indicate that African-American adults are 5.9 times as likely to be incarcerated. Another problem is unequal reporting which widens the dichotomy between targeted areas and real crime locations.

The figure above indicates the issue of target policing.According to the figure, African Americans are the main target. This data was generated by PredPol simulation. However, the estimated drug use indicates that whites use illicit drugs more than African Americans in the area. In such cases, African Americans are more likely to get arrested. Such predictive tools are used to inform law enforcement on strategies that need to be implemented. This leads to the concept of algorithmic bias identified by Lum and Isaac. An article by Oliver also indicatesthatblacks are more likely to be stopped by police officers.Addressing this issue leads to over-representation.

Other factors leading to discriminatory policing is media and intersectionality. For example, there is a systematic portrayal of crime by the media. The culture of African Americans is used to attribute crime by media. The crime as culture tries to associate violent acts with African American culture. For instance, the blaming of guns on African American communities. The media tries to use culture as a source of explanation, which reinforces racial theory of differences(Brunson & Miller, 2006). The use of ethnic identity in the discourse of crime contributes to the depiction of African American minority people. This causes police to implement strategies that focus on the neighborhood. Lastly, on target policing is the concept of intersectionality, which is based on the increase in the number of African Americans arrested and the probability of their arrest.

Racial profiling

Racial profiling indicates that overrepresentation can occur due to higher risk factors arising from structural mechanisms.Chan (2011) indicates that the association of Black males with violence and crime has contributed to their overrepresentation in the criminal justice system. African Americans are associated with crime. This can be attributed to one sided story or racial profiling. Chan argues that there is a higher probability of an African American being stopped by police officers than a white person. Also, some people racially profile a person and classify them as offenders. In this case, police are called, and a black person can easily be arrested for questioning. A good example of racial profiling can be noted in the case of Senator Tim Scott who stated that police officers have constantly pulled him over.In his speech, he stated that the determining factor for police action is that a black person was driving a nice car. Data from stop and frisk indicated a similar approach. The data shows that only 3% of stop and frisk encounters have produced crime evidence (Chan, 2011). Most of the remaining 97% are African Americans who are frisked because of their race. Another important element to be noted in society is the proposition of African Americans and the use of force. For example, the New York examination indicated that African American makes up about 19% of the Minneapolis population. However, they are victims in the use of force incidents (58%). Another study indicated that blacks are more likely to be searched after being stopped. The frequency of being stopped reduces at night whenpolice are unable to identify the race. The paper indicates that white people are more likely to be found with illicit drugs.Lastly, African Americans are 2.5 times more likely to be killed by police officers. These factors provide an overview of racial profiling, which led to the arrest of more African Americans,causing them to be overrepresented. The case of the senator and other high profile African Americans indicates social experience.

Judicial biases

African Americans are mostly represented by public attorneys once arrested. The cause of this bias is based on policies that disadvantage the poor people. The issue can be noted in Louisiana, where they have sued the state for crushing caseloads and inadequate funding of indigent defenseprograms. Another bias is on advice provided by attorney. Porter (2013) argues that young African American suspects are lured into accepting charges for crimes they did not commit by public attorneys to terminate cases (Porter, 2013). Latinos and African Americans make 29% of the American population. However, a review of the USA prison system indicates that the two groups make 57% of the USA prison population. The rate can be noted in terms of drug office where about 277000 are imprisoned for the offense with 56% being Latinos or African Americans.Factors leading to this outcome include biased use of discretion,policies that disadvantage African Americans, and policies that disadvantage the poor. Another factor leading to the over-representation of African Americans, especially black men, is collateral consequences associated with criminal records. There are several challenges that people face while re-entering society even after completing their term of incarceration. Dumont et al. (2013) blame the habitual offender law for the high number of African American males in prison (Dumont et al., 2013). African Americans are the most impacted and hence require legal assistance or representation to ensure they can successfullysecure a job.

Poverty

Examination of the criminal data statistics indicates the aspect of social-economic factors. Analysis indicates that socio-economically deprived groups such as African American community are more likely victims and perpetrators of crime.One of the main determinants of over-incarceration is inequity.Over-incarceration in this case include joblessness, living condition, peer influence, drug use, and school failure(Committee, 2014). According to the Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration (2014), most African Americans live in poor neighborhoods prone to crime. This factor increases their chance of being arrested. These factors include; most African Americans cannot pay bails, alcohol and drugs abuse among African Americans, engagement in drug trafficking among African Americans, and Increased chances of joining criminal gangs to escape poverty.

Most African American communities are concentrated in areas with low access to public services. Therefore, economic inequity leads to higher risks. In most cases, crime can arise in this area as an expression of structural disadvantage or conflict.Lack of social mobility such as opportunities and the reproduction of the inequalities in cultural, social, and economic factors leads to overrepresentation of African Americans.Overrepresentation is essential in mitigating the risk and ensuring social justice.

Unequal access to basic services

Welfare differences lead to different levels of inequity in access to basic services. According to Tannis (2017), the low level of education among African Americans compared to whites increases their chances of being arrested and incarcerated. The inequity level can be noted due to low job protection and highly individualistic liberal welfare. Therefore, there are low mechanisms implemented to prevent crime compared to a Scandinavian social democratic welfare state.High rate of unemployment among African Americans compared to whites. Inequity and incarceration are addressed by limiting risk factors in the community, especially for the minority. This can also be supported by ideologies and the approach to crime in the country. Overrepresentation and natural incarceration of African Americans arise when a crime is punishable for the simple fact it’s a crime.

Conclusion

African Americans are over-represented due to policing, racial profiling, judicial bias, poverty, and unequal access to basic services. The paper classifies them as into two categories; institutionalized racism and structural factors. The paper indicates how these factors can lead to more arrests or accusations of people based on their culture, increasingrepresentation. Discriminative policies and social inequality can be blamed for the overrepresentation of African Americans in the criminal justice system. Some of the factors contributing to the increased incarceration rate among African Americans include policing, racial profiling, judicial biases, poverty, and lack of access to essential services.

Questions

• Provide one example of a place where you have used rhetorical appeals or source material to support your argument. How does this enhance your essay?

The rhetoric appeal has been used in the conclusion and provision of credible sources to support the argument. The solution provided in conclusion contains a logical approach that can be used to mitigate the problem. On the other hand, differentsurveys and credible sources have been used.

• Touchstone 4 is a revision of this draft. What kind of feedback would be helpful for you as you revise? Are there parts of your draft that you’re uncertain of?

One of the key areas that helped was the introduction and the thesis statement. The audience should be able to get an overview of the topic and the arguments. Another aspect is the use of resources to support arguments in the paper.

1. Touchstone 3.2 Rubric and Feedback
Rubric Category	Feedback	Score (acceptable, needs improvement etc.)
Argument Development and Support	The argument is not fully developed; while it is supported by some relevant details, including rhetorical appeals and source material, some aspects of the argument are neglected.	28/40 Acceptable
Research	Does not cite sources, or citation is consistently inappropriate; does not reference sources and/or sources are not credible or appropriate.	8/30 Non performance
Organization	Includes all of the required components of an argumentative research paper, including an introduction with background information, an argumentative thesis, an adequate number of body paragraphs with topic sentences, a body paragraph addressing counterargument(s), and a conclusion with a concluding statement.	10/15 proficient

Style	Demonstrates generally effective style choices, but may include occasional redundancies, imprecise language, poor word choice, and/or repetitive sentence structures.	3 /5 proficient
Conventions	There are consistent significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.	0/5 Non performance
Reflection	Fine reflections	4/5 proficient
Overall Score and Feedback:53/100 I have inserted comment in the text for things to think about. The paper did have many strong points, but missing evidence to back up your points. Review and make sure you cover all areas that need to be cited There are places in which you do not cite evidence to back up your well-made points, and in many places there needs to be much better proofing of the document. I hope my comments are helpful for your final paper.

Bianchi, S. M., Sayer, L. C., Milkie, M. A., & Robinson, J. P. (2012). Housework: Who did, does or will do it, and how much does it matter?. Social forces, 91(1), 55-63.

Write a 250 to 300-word essay that answers the following questions about the article above, which is posted in your eLearn module.

1. What is the primary question asked in this article, and why is it relevant to families today?
2. Using Table 1, how has the overall hours in housework changed over time, and how has the relative amount of time put in by men changed relative to women?
3. What are the potential long-term risks for women who choose to work part-time and care for young children?
4. How does this article “fit” with other article I have reviewed that report women get a wage penalty for parenthood, but men get a wage increase?
5. Why is there greater interest for women performing work typically associated with male gender roles, that for men doing work associated with female gender roles?
6. What is one criticism of this paper?

Grading rubric:

You can write this in essay format or as extended bullet points.

Question 1 – Worth up to one point. Clearly written argument for the relevance of lack of relevance for this paper.

Question 2 – Worth up to two points. Accurate interpretation of Table 1 to answer both questions college-level writing, free of grammar and spelling errors.

Question 3 – Worth up to two points. Thoughtful use of material in the article and reflection about the potential risks of working less hour to accommodate raising children. This usually applies to women, but men could also apply to men. Use college level writing and avoid grammar and spelling errors.

Question 4 – Up to 2 points. This is not explicitly in this reading, but I review for several gender and family journals. The predominate finding is that women get a wage penalty for having children and men get a wage bonus. Explain how these findings are consistent with the assigned reading. Again, use college level writing and avoid grammar and spelling errors.

Question 5 – Up to two points. Answer this question using the assigned article and your personal experiences concerning gender roles. Again, use college level writing and avoid grammar and spelling errors.

Question 6 – Up to one point. Provide one concrete suggestion that might improve this paper. You might get hints from the suggestions for future research. Again, use college level writing and avoid grammar and spelling errors.

Write a two-page paper analyzing the fact pattern scenario below. Provide a detailed analysis of what crimes each person may be charged with and which defenses might be available to each person. Make sure your support your response with legal reasoning using the Model Penal Code, your state law, or military law.

Make sure all citations are in APA or Bluebook format.

Please see the attached grading rubric below. This grading rubric will be used to grade this assignment.

Mike and his young girlfriend, Tina, both out of work and penniless, thought that love was all that mattered and decided to get married. Although Mike had no money, he told Tina he was going to buy her an engagement ring. Tina inquired how he could afford it and he looked at her, winked, and said, “watch me”. The couple went to Malaguti’s Jewelry store and Tina picked out the ring of her dreams, which cost $5,000.00. Mike paid in cash and Tina could not understand how and asked where Mike got the money. Mike rushed Tina from the store with the ring.

Mike told Tina not to worry about the money and besides, it only cost him $500.00 because the money was counterfeit and he had purchased it earlier from his friend Tony. The argument ended as he kissed her and slipped the ring onto her finger. They got married the next day at the Justice of the Peace.

After the ceremony they decided to go to the local bar and drink to their wedded bliss. While there, several friends purchased multiple rounds of shots for them. Mike drank what Tina was unable to. When Mike ordered more, the bartender Tommy, refused to serve him further due to his condition. An argument ensued and Mike pulled out a gun from his pocket and fired a single shot which grazed Tommy’s arm, ricocheted and killed Maria, another bartender, who was standing behind Tommy.

Mike grabbed Tina and started to leave. Tina, who had come to her sense about Mike by now, resisted, but Mike forced her out and pushed her into his car. Tina insisted that if he did not turn himself into the police, she would. Mike drove to his friend Tony’s apartment. Mike pushed Tina, now hysterical, into Tony’s apartment and told Tony what happened. Mike, now panicked, aimed the gun at Tina. Tony, a small time x-con did not want to be charged with murder, so he stepped in front on Mike to try to stop him. Before Mike could accomplish this however, Tina had backed away from Mike to an open window from which she fell to her death. Mike then hit Tony over the head with the gun and Tony fell to an unconscious state. Before leaving, Mike filled his pockets with Mike’s phony money to use for his getaway.

Mike flagged a taxi down to take to his apartment. The taxi driver, Marie, realized the money was phony Mike had paid his fare with. In a fit of anger, and remembering where she dropped Mike off, Marie decided to get the money that was owed to her and went to confront Mike. After no one answered the door, Marie noticed a doggie door on the side door. She decided to slip through the dog door and tip toe into the apartment to get her money. In the dark, she tripped over a skate board, hit her head. In the morning the police were called to Mike’s apartment. Marie was taken to the hospital and eventually released.

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, review the article “Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Criminality: How Long Must We Live Before We Possess Our Own Lives?” and the additional sources now present in the “Killer Bio” application (below) that pertain to you’re the killer you chose from the Week 1 Discussion. For your Final Case Report, due in Week 5, you will explore, in depth, one well-known criminal case. Using the same client as before, consult your Killer Bio app along with sources provided throughout the course:

In your online classroom, select the link “Killer Bios” for a list of these infamous murderers. In that link, you will find several University of Arizona Global Campus Library sources on each murderer. In addition, there are some starter links listed below under each name.
Here, as in earlier assignments, the individual whose case you chose will be your client for the purpose of your Comprehensive Case Study Report Final Paper. That is, you have been hired as a mitigation specialist by this individual’s defense attorney to investigate, analyze, and present the underlying biopsychosocial factors that you found were present in this individual’s background and that may explain why your client committed such heinous criminal acts. For the purpose of your Final Paper in Week 5, we will assume that your client is facing the death penalty, and your job is to use the results of your biopsychosocial investigation to provide credible evidence that your client should not be executed by the state. For this assignment, we will proceed as if your client has not yet been sentenced and thus is still alive, even though in all of these cases, your client was ultimately found guilty and in some cases, may have been executed (or may be deceased).

Using the University of Arizona Global Campus Library, examine the criminal behaviors involved in your case using a minimum of four scholarly and/or credible sources.

In your paper,

Analyze a minimum of two particular psychological factors that explains the client’s criminal behavior, such as specific environmental/situational, biological, or mental health issues that may explain this individual’s crimes.

Create an outline that examines a minimum of two particular psychological factors explaining your client’s criminal behaviors.

Note: For further information regarding the proper format for Outlining, visit the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center.

Each topic or step of the outline should include two to three sentences regarding what will be discussed in that section, focusing on the particular psychological factors that explains the criminal behaviors

Cite specific examples from the sources that support your research and analysis. For example, if you find that your sources show early childhood trauma is a factor in criminal behavior and your client suffered early childhood trauma, or had a high ACES score, write about that connection between your source and your client’s case.

Note: You are encouraged to integrate any feedback from your instructor and upload the assignment to your ePortfolio.

• The Final Comprehensive Case Report Topic and Outline paper
• Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center’s APA Style

Must include a separate title page with the following:

Title of paper

Student’s name

• Course name and number
• Instructor’s name

Date submitted

For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013.

Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice resource for additional guidance.

Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.

• For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions as well as Writing a Thesis Statement, refer to the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center resources.

Must use at least four scholarly, peer-reviewed, credible sources in addition to the course text.

• The Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.

Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper

• Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References Listresource in the University of Arizona Global Campus Writing Center for specifications.
• Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Please note the research is already done. I will submit information for website!!!!!!!!!!

This assignment will cause you to examine several dimensions of criminal justice outside the United States. You will create a research guide with introductory markers to use when looking at different systems. Select no less than four (4) global systems for this assignment. The results will be a deeper understanding of different international jurisdictions, including the sovereignty issues, and the impact of crime on the quality of life and its ability to undermine the rules of law within a jurisdiction.

Before you begin, watch the following videos:

• This video is a brief overview of what comparative criminal justice is (7:14)

• This video gives more information about the field of comparative criminal justice (2:30)

ASSIGNMENT

During this assignment you will examine several dimensions of criminal justice outside the United States. You will create a Research Guide complete with introductory markers for use when looking at various systems.

As a matter of background. At its core, a research guide is an organized collection of resources related to a particular topic. A typical research guide contains the following items which are tailored to your needs for this course.

• Relevant Articles and websites
• Video and Photo Resources
• Citations and text sources
• Expert Contacts

Select four (4) global systems for this assignment. Examine these systems keeping in mind that the result will be a deeper understanding of international jurisdictions, including sovereignty issues, the impact of crime on the quality-of-life, and its ability to undermine the rules of law within a jurisdiction.

Click the tabs to learn more about the paper writing process:

• Background research
• Develop and narrow your topic
• Find research materials
• Evaluate and select research materials
• Write your paper

Consult general and specialized encyclopedias to find:

• General information
• Subcategories
• Arguments/issues
• Terminology
• Authorities
• Bibliographies

Your research guide will be created as your very own website!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

In the quick links below, you will find a resource that lists options for free website builders that will make the process very easy for you. Each of the options will have free versions and you are not expected to pay for any premium service.

Assignment Note: A great place to start as you formulate your research guide is to search multidisciplinary, scholarly articles relevant to the countries of your choice.

Be creative and inspired as you provide an in-depth coverage of important issues relating to your four (4) selected countries. As you begin to navigate, you will see a multitude of reports written by experienced journalists, scholars, which are footnoted, and professionally fact-checked. Zero-in on your jurisdiction’s crime – its causes and impacts, legal and social implications, as well as litigation and crime trends.

Click the tabs below to learn about the 5 steps to Information Literacy:

• 1. Define
• 2. Locate
• 3. Select
• 4. Organize
• 5. Use (ethically)

• What problem am I solving?
• What information do I need?
• What do I already know?
• What else do I need to learn?

Submit the link to your website below.

Assignment Guidelines:

• You will research any CURRENT issue or program impacting the criminal justice or intelligence field
• Identify the ethical issues associated with this issue/program
• Propose a plan, supported by research, to improve or solve this issue OR describe and analyze a current plan that is addressing this issue/problem
• Your paper must address the following:
  • Use this section to introduce and provide a detailed overview of your issue or program
  • To prepare for the future, we need to learn from the past. In your project, you need to discuss the historical issues associated with your topic.
  • For example: Explain what has happened to bring this issue to the forefront today or to demonstrate why this issue exists.
  • Critically analyze and discuss the ethical issues associated with your topic.
  • For example: What are the ethical issues associated with this topic? Why do they exist? What, if anything, is being done to address these issues? Is enough being done? What else should happen to promote ethics?
  • Remember to support all opinions with approved sources.
  • Propose a plan, supported by research, to improve or solve this issue

Overview of Issue or Program:

Historical Context/Background:

Ethical Issues:

Proposed Plan:

For example: If you selected racial profiling in law enforcement, you would research this issue, identify the ethical issues associated with this issue (based on your research referencing), and then propose an ethical plan, based on research and theory (not unsupported opinion) to address this issue.

Sample Topic

1. Racial profiling In the united states

With Your Research, Create a Detailed Research Paper

• Write a research paper, 10 pages, at least APA format, that addresses EACH area listed in the assignment guidelines
• Your title page, abstract and reference page DO NOT count as part of the page requirement
• Minimum of TEN scholarly and/or government sources
• Critical Analysis: In your paper, you must critically analyze your research. Do not overly use direct quotes; instead, summarize your research and cite your source, interpret the findings, and present logical arguments in support of your thesis.
• DO NOT USE THE FIRST PERSON (NO “I”)
• Use subheadings to divide the sections of your paper
• Your paper must include the following:

• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction (with a clearly defined thesis statement)
• Overview of Issue or Program
• Historical Context/Background of the Issue
• Ethical Issues
• Proposed Plan
• Conclusion
• Reference Page

• Gueras, D.,& Garofalo, C. (2011). Practical ethics in public administration (3rd ed.) Vienna, VA, Management Concepts. The link of the book is at the bottom
• https://web-s-ebscohost-com.libproxy.nau.edu/ehost…

This paper will consist of two clearly labeled sections. You could label Section I with the name of your female offender. You could label Section II with the names of the theories you are using.

Section I: Female Offender Profile:

You will choose a female who has been convicted of a crime, either in the US or elsewhere, during any period of time, and describe her. What is her name? Describe the crime she was convicted of committing. What was her legal consequence for being convicted? This section could include two paragraphs. One paragraph will include the biographical information about the female, and the other will include information about her crime and consequences/sentencing.Also, include a photo of your offender.

This section is worth a total of 40 points. The material you present is worth 25 points, and the photo is worth 5 points. You do not need to cite the photo, but you do need to cite all other material you present in this section. You can find information about offenders from many valid sources- do not use Wikipedia for the information, but you can use it as a starting point to find other valid sources in the references in Wikipedia. You might Google something like “infamous women criminals,” or something like that, and go from there. Be sure your sources are academic and peer reviewed. Ask me if you have questions about this.

Section II: Theories of Crime:

Based on the story and life of your convicted female, discuss how two theories of female offending might help to explain the crime of which your offender was convicted. One of these theories should be a historical or traditional theory of crime, and the other should be a modern theory of crime.You need to clearly state the name of each theory you are using and be sure to define each of them. Also state which of them is the historical theory, and which of them is the modern theory. Properly cite all information you present.Each theory should be explained in its own paragraph. Ch. 6 will be helpful here.

Each theory’s application is worth 30 points, so Section II is worth a total of 60 points. Your discussion/paragraph of each theory should be about equal length.

Citations and reference page:

You must properly cite all material presented in this paper (in Section I and Section II). There should be a citation after each definition, and there should be at least one citation in each paragraph.

You must use at least 2 academic, peer-reviewed sources. One of them should be the textbook, which will be helpful for Section IIand Section III. You can look elsewhere for information for the paper, but you must make sure you are using valid sources. Your source(s) for Section I can be any academic, valid source. Check out the UNCP Library database or Google Scholar for this.

You must cite your information using ASA format. This means you will include in-text citations and a separate reference page for these sources. There is an ASA format guide in Canvas to help you with this. You will only use peer-reviewed, academic sources. Do not use websites unless approved by the professor, and do not use Wikipedia.

In-text Citations: If you do not provide any in-text citations, you will lose 30 points from your total paper grade. You will lose 2 points for each improperly formatted citation. If you do not place a citation where one Is needed, you will lose 5 points.

Reference Page: If you do not include a reference page, you will lose 20 points from the total paper grade. You will lose 2 points for each improperly formatted reference. If you do not have a proper bibliographical reference for each in-text citation, you will lose 2 points for each missing reference. If you do not have an in-text citation for each reference, you will lose 2 points for each missing in-text citation.

Please ask me any questions about referencing and citing long before the paper is due (not the day it’s due!!). I am happy to help, but you need to check out the guides in Canvas first.

More Formatting and Grading Details:

Include a cover page with your name and the name of your victim/offended. (worth 5 points)

This paper must consist of 3-4 pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Calibri font. You will lose 10 points if the paper is longer than 4 pages, and you will lose 20 points for each page that the paper is shorter than 3 pages. If your paper is not double-spaced, you will lose 10 points, as well as the points that might be lost due to incorrect length of paper when the paper is formatted in double-space. The same applies to using 12-point font and Calibri font.

Include page numbers (worth 5 points).

Neither cover page, nor the photo, nor the reference page count towards the page requirement.

And: DO NOT SPACE DOWN AT ALL WHEN BEGINNING THE PAPER. Begin the paper with the heading at the top of the first page. Space down once after the section heading to begin the body of the first paragraph. The same applies to Section II. Failure to space properly will result in loss of points. Finally, use normal margins (1” x 1”) and indents. Failure to comply with these guidelines result in points deducted.

2

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Brandl, S. (2018). Criminal investigation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

• Chapter 9, “Information From the Public, Social Media, Information Networks, Digital Devices, and Other Sources”
  • “Information From Electronic Devices and Digital Evidence,” pp. 260–266

Criminal Investigation, 4th Edition by Brandl, S. Copyright 2018 by Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Weber, A. (2018). United States v. Jones. In Salem Press encyclopedia.

Bedi, M. (2016). The curious case of cell phone location data: Fourth Amendment doctrine mash-up. Northwestern University Law Review, 110(2), 507–524.

Shackelford, S. J., Richards, E., Raymond, A., Kerr, J., & Kuehn, A. (2017). iGovernance: The future of multi-stakeholder internet governance in the wake of the Apple encryption saga. North Carolina Journal of International Law, 42(4), 883–931.

Imagine that you are investigating a string of ATM robberies occurring over the past several months. You have a suspect under surveillance; however, your supervisor has advised that you cannot continue to follow the suspect each day due to resource limitations. You are needed on other cases. As a solution, you want to track the suspect’s cell phone GPS so that you can still monitor his movements. Is this considered surveillance? Would a warrant be required?
In this Assignment, you explore these questions as you examine the intersection between surveillance, technology, and the law.

By Day 7

In 500 to 750 words, respond to the following:

• Describe what is considered surveillance.
• Explain the difference between legal and illegal surveillance.
• Explain when a warrant is required and when one is not required. Would a warrant be required in the above scenario? If so, explain your rationale for securing a warrant. If not, explain your rationale for why one is not required.
• Explain how the rapid evolution of technology has affected the ability of laws and court decisions to keep up.

Imagine a scenario in which a tire tread at a crime scene, presumably from the suspect’s vehicle, has been obscured by first responders’ vehicles and shoe prints. Or, imagine a scenario in which the crime scene was released back to the homeowners while containing evidence initially overlooked by investigators. What are the ramifications of these instances?

Crime scenes can be wide-open spaces exposed to the elements, or they can be lived-in spaces with clutter and household detritus where every detail seems relevant. Inherent challenges exist with all crime scenes, no matter the circumstance.

In this Assignment, you explore crime scene and evidence types and the challenges associated with them.

By Day 7

In 500 to 750 words, respond to the following:

• Identify the four basic crime scene types.
• Identify two types of physical evidence.
• Describe one challenge associated with securing each type of crime scene and explain how to address each challenge.
• Describe one challenge associated with securing each type of physical evidence and explain how to address each challenge.
• What degrades and destroys evidence to make it inadmissible?
• Explain the consequences of not properly securing and documenting a crime scene.
• Explain the consequences of not preventing evidence degradation.

Required Readings

Brandl, S. (2018). Criminal investigation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

• Chapter 1, “The Investigation of a Crime” (pp. xxvi–21)

Criminal Investigation, 4th Edition by Brandl, S. Copyright 2018 by Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Brandl, S. (2018). Criminal investigation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

• Chapter 3, “The Role and Documentation of Evidence in Criminal Investigations” (pp. 36–57)

Criminal Investigation, 4th Edition by Brandl, S. Copyright 2018 by Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Brandl, S. (2018). Criminal investigation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

• Chapter 4, “The Law and Criminal Investigations” (pp. 58–87)

Criminal Investigation, 4th Edition by Brandl, S. Copyright 2018 by Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Brandl, S. (2018). Criminal investigation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

• Chapter 5, “Physical Evidence and the Crime Scene” (pp. 88–134 only)

Criminal Investigation, 4th Edition by Brandl, S. Copyright 2018 by Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2019). Criminal evidence and investigation: Crime scenes 1 and 2 [Interactive media]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2019). Criminal evidence and investigation: Crime scenes 1 and 2 [Media transcript]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: A media transcript of the crime scenes is provided for accessibility purposes.

The Warden liked your SWOT analysis so much that he has come back to Excelsior Management Consultants and asked you to create a set of best practices for implementation at his prison. The benchmarks from your SWOT analysis formulate the basis for this assignment of establishing a set of “Best Practices.”

Before proceeding, please watch the following video:

ASSIGNMENT

Hand-pick five (5) optimum traits from the prisons showcased by either yourself or your classmates to create a picture-perfect, ideal center for retribution and rehabilitation.

Your ideas should project an effective prison reform that is dependent on the improvement and rationalization of justice policies, including crime prevention and sentencing policies, and on the care and treatment made available to vulnerable groups in the community.

Your ideas and best practices, direct from existing prisons, should highlight the reform of the system and should take into account the need to achieve sustainable impact.

In a memo to the Warden include each of the traits that you picked, and write 1-2 short paragraphs explaining at least the following:

• Why you made that decision to include the trait.
• Why the trait is ideal for your prison system.
• How will your approach to rehabilitation improve your community.

Use the APA citation style for references.

Part 2

Throughout this course, you will complete three article reviews on assigned journal articles that relate to homeland security, emergency management, and criminal justice. For each review, you will discuss how the issues in the article are applicable to criminal justice contexts. These article reviews require critical thinking and analysis.

For this second article review, choose one of the following articles on the role of law enforcement in the homeland security enterprise:

• Policing Terrorism (Links to an external site.)
• Law enforcement responses to homeland security initiatives: The case of Ohio (Links to an external site.).

Read the article and write an article review using the following format:

1. Give the full citation of the journal article.
2. Summarize key points and findings in the article.
3. Discuss the relationship of the article to course material; how does it relate to criminal justice components?
4. Analyze the article from your own viewpoint. What are your thoughts and opinions? How can you support your view with course material as well as outside material?
5. What questions does the article raise that you would like to explore further?

Your article review should be 3–4 pages in length; using Times New Roman font size 12, double spaced with one-inch margins on all sides; it must be submitted to the instructor as a Microsoft Word attached file

Description of incident: Outline your incident (who/what/when/where); describe what factually happened. This should include a brief description of the “normal” activity of the location-what happens there on a day-to-day basis? (approx. 1 page)

Why did this occur? motivation(s) of the suspect(s)-include any pertinent background and goals of action taken by the offender. (approx. 1 page)

Method(s) used by the offender(s) to effect their intended outcome. Explain any groundwork the suspect laid, and give an accounting of all the tools they used (like weapons, vehicles, other people, social media, etc) (approx. 1 page)

Were there any controls in place to detect/prevent/intervene during the incident? If so, describe. Did they work as intended? Were they adequate? (approx. 1-2 pages)

Now picture yourself as the person in charge of the above workplace & employees. Explain the steps you will be taking to prevent, detect, intervene during and recover from an incident, if a similar (or the same) incident were to happen again at a similar (or the same) location. To put it another way; what will be done differently/better next time? (approx. 3-4 pages)

*Be sure to apply concepts learned during this course! Refer to your textbook and the information within to provide yourself and your paper with a base to begin your research. Remember there is information in there that details preventing, detecting, intervening, etc.

* I don’t expect (or want) detailed descriptions of evacuation or tactical plans, nor episodes of TV shows or movies to be typed out. Think “common sense & practicality” when formulating your analysis and response and apply as many concepts (thoroughly) as you can.

No cover page is required, but the first paragraph of your paper should make it clear what your topic is. You will need a “References” page in which you cite at least four (4) different, credible sources. Respectable and varied sources make respectable papers. Wikipedia is not respectable.

Technically, there is no minimum or maximum pages for this paper, though to cover each area thoroughly, you should pay attention to the recommendations for each section for number of pages. For the sake of my sanity, please try to keep the written portion of your paper to less than seven (7) pages. (This does not include the Reference page or any charts or pictures). 12-point font, one inch/fully justified margins, double spaced, 3-5 sentence paragraphs, numbered pages. Content is is the most important thing; however improper grammar, spelling and punctuation will be penalized. Words (and wording) matter!

Hello i have attached a term paper on criminal justice theory that I need heavily revised, it has 38% palgurism reported on it ( I have no access to the report) so if someone can just rewrite areas and put words in own words.

I attached the original instruction:

Submit a Term Paper based on the Instructions in the Syllabus, the Course Introduction video, and the Term Paper Instructions download (Course Handouts Module). For this assignment, you must use only ONE specific Sub-Theory from class (DO NOT write about categories or sub-categories of multiple theories)

Your paper should be 10-12 (full) pages in length, and if you follow the above suggestions, you should end up with at least 10 pages. A Title Page is not required for this assignment, but you should include a single-spaced header with relevant assignment information on the first page of your paper. You should use APA or ASA style formatting for in-text citations and your Works Cited page (always start on separate page; does not count toward page requirement). More on how to properly cite research and create a Works Cited page will be covered in class. You DO NOT need to include an abstract, running head, or subheadings. Please double space between lines, use normal font (12- point Times New Roman) and margins (1” on all sides), include page numbers.

I also attached a previous assignment of mine on this topic for you to use if you need

While Hegemonic Masculinity is certainly one option for your Term Paper, given that you are supposed to identify the theory that you think is MOST GENERAL, you are going to have a more difficult time making that argument. This does not mean that you can’t use the theory, but you will have to make special mention of the theory’s limits and why you still think that is the best/most general despite those limitations.

Here are the comments i received from the professor on my paper:

Too much of your paper comes from unattributed quotes and/or paraphrases (simply changing a few words is not sufficient and must still be cited). Technically, this is PLAGIARISM

If you can fix this paper I would love to work with you

Build your own police department make sure the following is included add photos as well some info is already in here add info and make a power point

Mission

Vision

Core values

Office of professional standards

Polices abs procedures

Supervisor,officer performance measures

Floor plan

Command structure

Field of operation commander

Lieutenant

Sergeant

Patrol men

Polices and procedure

Command structure

Police Department Job Title Hierarchy + Most Common Roles

Chief of Police

The Police Chief is responsible for the operations and administration of the police department. The chief establishes departmental policies, procedures, and regulations and administers a comprehensive program for crime prevention and law enforcement for the city, including regulations, city codes, ordinances, and court decisions that affect the city. The chief reports to the City Manager and follows local government codes. Here are some specific tasks included in a Chief of Police’s job description:

• Act as the departmental representative to other City departments, City Manager’s Office, elected officials, and outside agencies
• Manage the development and implementation of department goals, objectives, policies, and priorities for each assigned service area
• Manage, develop, and administer the department budget; estimate funds needed for staffing, equipment, materials, and supplies; direct the monitoring and approval of expenditures
• Respond to media inquiries on police issues and policies as they relate to the community and ensure responsive, appropriate service delivery by conferring with civic, professional, and other community groups as required

Lieutenant

The Lieutenant reports to the Chief of Police and manages patrol sergeants in most police departments. Lieutenants provide direction and supervision for a section of police officers, sergeants, and professional staff. Police Lieutenants are accountable for overall police activities, and are on the scene of large fires, crimes, civil disturbances, and other major emergencies or events. This position is also responsible for organizing required training, providing administrative and policy activities in support of operations, managing assigned projects, managing operational budgets, managing inventory, overseeing the investigation of criminal activities, and performing special assignments. Here are a few common tasks found in a Lieutenant’s job description:

• Recruit new employees, recommend employee transfers, and promote, discipline, and discharge personnel
• Investigate personnel complaints and allegations made by the public or other law enforcement officers and administer disciplinary action as required with proper authorization
• Attend and participate in shift briefings
• Respond to, investigate, and assist with calls for service; perform routine patrol duties and perform traffic enforcement; locate, apprehend, arrest, and transport prisoners; supervise crime scenes and determine the need for additional and/or specialized police department units

Police Sergeant (Patrol Division)

Police sergeants sit under lieutenants and above patrol officers in most police organizational charts. They oversee the operations of the patrol division and direct, supervise, and evaluate officers assigned to their division. The Sergeant will also be responsible for completing administrative tasks, participating in community initiatives, and attending public meetings as assigned. They will also respond to calls for service, assist in conducting search and seizures, write citations, assist during emergency situations, enforce laws, statutes, and ordinances, and review and approve incident and accident reports. The Police Lieutenant assigns work to patrol officers under him/her. Here are a few more specific duties of a police sergeant:

• Supervise staff, conduct investigations, inspect staff and equipment, provide mentorship, train new officers in the field, and conduct performance evaluations
• Advise supporting officers regarding the application and interpretation of laws, review the written reports of subordinates, and make recommendations regarding the development of new policy or procedure
• Investigate complaints against personnel and respond in a manner that results in appropriate complaint resolution
• Keep other supervisors informed of important activities and critical incidents; inspect personnel and equipment; prepare routine and/or specialized reports

Police Officer (Patrol)

Police officers are typically managed by police sergeants and are the boots on the ground for police departments. Patrol officers are responsible for the protection of property and citizens. They must also uphold and enforce all penal laws of their district. Police officers may have primary responsibilities for police investigations. Here are a few tasks commonly found in their job descriptions:

• Respond to calls for police service
• Conduct preliminary & follow-up criminal and traffic investigations
• Prepare written reports and field notes of investigations and patrol activities
• Arrest and process criminals
• Testify in court
• MISSION STATEMENT“Our mission is to support a high quality of life for those we serve in our community by preserving peace, protecting life and property and providing public safety leadership. We accomplish this mission by response with compassion, performance with integrity, and law enforcement with vision.”
• VISION STATEMENT“The vision of the Williams Police Department is to be committed to excellence in community leadership, providing progressive and proactive services through the development of community partnerships and building for the future.”
  OUR CORE VALUES
  Integrity • Commitment to the highest standards of honest and ethical conduct • Do what’s right, even when no one is looking • Many things come and go, integrity lasts forever • Adds to one’s credibility • Being fair and consistent • Strong moral principles • Truthful and trustworthy • Cornerstone of our profession

  Professionalism • Displaying the highest standard of personal and organizational excellence through our conduct and demeanor, guided by the “Law Enforcement Code of Conduct.” • The ability to handle any situation in the face of pressure, ridicule, scorn or any other adversity • Exceptional training standards and continuing commitment to training and growth • To excel by having the motivation to acquire new knowledge and share it with others • Never ending pursuit of excellence • Achieve maximum potential • It’s what we are and stand for • Accountability • Compassion

• Courage • Courage to be leaders in the law enforcement community • Courage to be leaders in the Sterling Community, the community we serve • Resiliency to maintain the level of service to our community • “Moral Courage” : the courage to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal, or discouragement • Strength of character • Taking risk when necessary • Courage to stand up to others • Ability to confront fear • Strength of mind • Endurance • True grit • BraveryRespect • Recognizing the authority we hold and will treat others as we would like to be treated • Will faithfully, and without bias, honor our obligations to the community • Remaining calm and respectful in the face of ridicule, scorn and adversity • Respect of the Law Enforcement Profession • Showing empathy and sympathy • Being courteous • Consideration of others • Others before self • Perseverance • Steadfastness in getting the job done despite the difficulty, obstacles, challenges or discouragement one faces in achieving success • Keep trying/forging ahead, even after failure • Tenacity • Persistence • Determination

We are continuing with our discussion of Joey’s neighborhood.

Once that the youth started getting arrested for minor offenses, they got into the system. Once they were into the system, they got into more trouble because of technical system rule violations. The system was making it difficult for the youth to complete the programs successfully.

“Joey’s friends started getting arrested around 12 years old, for the first time. These were usually for minor violations like shoplifting or status offenses like curfew, smoking, and drinking. After they started in the criminal justice system, most of them continued to get in trouble. Only a couple of Joey’s friends could get off juvenile supervision or did not continue to have frequent criminal justice contacts.

Joey’s friends would continue to get caught doing something wrong. About half the time, it was the police arresting them for some new crime or status offense. The other half of the time, the system held them accountable for a supervision rule violation. Most of Joey’s friends have court-ordered things they are not supposed to do and other things they must do. These are items like; stay sober, drug testing, stay away from other people in trouble, do not possess drugs, do not get in more trouble, etc. Each time the friend would get taken into the system, they would meet new people and come back with new ideas. The other thing they learned is that they did not have to stay long in the detention centers, if at all. Many times, they just had to check in with an officer, or were put on community supervision with no actual supervision, just a notice that if police have future contact, the offender and police are to notify community corrections about that contact.”

In your initial post,

Based on the facts in the scenario, discuss two approaches that the courts could take regarding the processing or disposition of Joey’s friends that you can justify based on 1) Classical Theory; and 2) a Positivist theory of criminology. Compare and contrast the two theories regarding how each approach would or would not help reduce or prevent criminal behavior.